This paper explores a pathway for integrating multiple patented technologies related to PV storage-integrated devices, charging piles, and electrical control cabinets to optimize performance. . Energy storage systems and intelligent charging infrastructures are critical components addressing the challenges arising with the growth of renewables and the rising energy demand. Hybrid energy storage systems, in particular, are promising, as they combine two or more types of energy storage. . The coordinated development of photovoltaic (PV) energy storage and charging systems is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency, system reliability, and sustainable energy integration. Second, a Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is proposed to solve this non-linear multi-stage optimization problem.
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